Diabetes - What You Need to Know | Revista Women's Health

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, some decades ago diabetes was an uncommon disease in both developed and developing countries. Today, the story is different. Currently it is estimated that more than 143million people worldwide are affected by the disease. This figure is increasing by the year 2020 more than 220million people are expected to live with diabetes if current trends continue.

In the U.S. alone, there are 18.2 million people (6.3% of the population) living with diabetes. While another 13 million people who have been diagnosed with diabetes. Unfortunately, 5.2milion (or nearly one-third) are unaware they have the disease.

The figure for Nigeria is not readily available, but an estimated 1.5 million people over diabetes in Nigeria.

In developed countries, most patients with diabetes are more than sixty years, but in developing countries, diabetes is affecting people in their prime.

What is diabetes?

Diabetes mellitus (or simply diabetes) is derived from the Greek word diabeinein ?, which means ?to pass through? to describe the abundant urination, and mellitus from the Latin word meaning? sweetened with honey. These two words mean urine sugar or sugar in the urine.

Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed in the body, for controlling the speed at which convert sugar, starch and other foods on glucose as energy required for daily life.

The hormone is produced and released
A blood through an organ called ?Pancreas?. This insulin helps keep blood glucose within a normal range.

The World Health Organization (WHO) shows the normal range between
60 ? 100mg/dl (before any food for days, therefore, this value is called the fasting blood glucose). In health, despite several requests of glucose in different situations, blood glucose rarely exceeds this value.

After a meal in the liver stores glucose as glycogen food and released into the blood between meals. The role of insulin is the control of storage and release of glucose.

Ensures that the amount of glucose in the blood at each particular time does not extend beyond or below the normal range.

Types of diabetes

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), five classes of diabetes are recognized, these are the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type I diabetes, not insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type II diabetes, gestational diabetes, diabetes insipidus diabetes and bronze.

Insulin dependent / i diabetes: This type of diabetes was initially called juvenile diabetes because it affects adolescents and young adults. It is caused by a sudden failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.

It is, therefore, an acute disease, presenting with thirst, polyuria (passing large amounts of urine), urine output and weight loss. Type i diabetes is rare, representing less than 10% of cases of diabetes.

Non-insulin dependent / type ii diabetes: This is the most common type of diabetes, which accounts for over 80% of all diabetes cases. It is found in adults and the elderly.

This type of diabetes develops gradually over a long period of time (inadvertent) and is characterized by insufficient insulin, insulin deficient in the blood or body?s inability to use insulin resent (insulin resistance). Because of its slow onset and gradual, it is mostly undetected until one or more of its long-term complications appear.

Unlike type I diabetes, insulin in the blood of a diabetic type II may be normal or even high, but does not have the desired effect, due to insulin resistance, and this is common among obese people.

Gestational diabetes: This type of diabetes occurs during pregnancy and disappears after delivery, within three weeks. An estimated 3% of all pregnancies are accompanied by gestational diabetes and almost half of these patients are likely to develop permanent diabetes later in life.

What causes diabetes

As with hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases, no clear cause (s) can be attributed to the most common type of diabetes (type ii diabetes, type i is secondary to the failure of the pancreas).

However, some factors are known to increase the likelihood of developing diabetes and these are called risk factors.

For example, populations of lazy and well fed are 2 ? 20times more likely to develop type II diabetes that the labor force and lean in the same race. Some other factors known to increase the likelihood of getting diabetes include:

Obesity is estimated that three quarters (?) of all patients type II diabetes are obese. Indolent lifestyles and rich tend to contribute to this. It is believed that a loss of 10 kg weight can reduce blood sugar levels by almost 50md/dl fasting. An active lifestyle with regular exercise is also known to increase insulin sensitivity.

The international standard for measuring overweight and obesity is based on a value called body mass index (BMI). This value is obtained by dividing body weight (in kilograms) by height squared (in meters).

That is, imc = body weight (kg) / height 2 (meters).

Note: 1 foot = 0.305metres.

For adults, a BMI less than 25kg/m2 is preferred.

25 ? 29kg/m2 30kg/m2 is considered overweight and above is obese.

Family history: a family history of diabetes increases your chances of contracting the disease. In such a situation, leading a healthy lifestyle and constant monitoring of our level of blood sugar becomes very important.

Age and race: most patients type ii diabetes are over 40yrs in the presentation of the disease. However, the percentage increase in the incidence of this disease with age is greater for those with a family history of diabetes, obesity and possibly leading sedentary lifestyles.

Also, diabetes tends to be more prevalent among Africans, African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans and Asian Americans. Belong to any of the races is a risk factor in itself.

History of gestational diabetes: a woman also increase your risk or chance of developing permanent diabetes later in life.

You can prevent / delay diabetes!

Diabetes has no permanent cure once it develops, was achieved by means of life. But you can avoid indulging in long-term pain. Before diabetes present in people, is almost always preceded by a condition called prediabetes.

A situation in which blood glucose is higher than normal, but still not enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. Sad, however, can not tell when fall into this category, if not controlling your blood glucose regularly.

The pre-diabetes is itself a serious medical condition, but still can be reversed by changes in the pattern of diet and increasing physical activity. To determine their blood sugar test called a fasting blood glucose has to be performed.

This test measures the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood of one before any meal. Is measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg / dl).

A value below 100mg/dl is generally accepted as normal, while a value greater than 100mg/dl, but less than 120mg/dl diabetes is not complete, however, so that diabetes is regarded as before.

An individual with a level of blood glucose pre diabetes need to take urgent measures to reduce blood glucose in diabetes risk or long term.

It should be noted, however, that genetic and racial factors that predispose to diabetes are still beyond human comprehension and control. Common sense, therefore, to reduce all human controllable factors to a minimum.

Most of these factors have to do with the social habits of work and diet.

The following tips can help reduce your risk of diabetes:

• Reduce weight. Obesity appears to be the most important factor in diabetes. Weight loss and body fat and maintain a healthy body weight is very essential. To this end, a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25kg/m2 to 24kg/m2 less than men and for women is recommended.
• Increase physical activity. It is well established that diabetes is more common among persons with a rich sedentary lifestyle. Simple dynamic exercises such as brisk walking for 30-50min daily or weekly 3 5Times has proved very useful. Exercise reduces body weight and fat, increases the functionality of the heart, reduces the chances of diabetes and also stimulates the emotions and healthy living.
• Cut down or reduce alcohol consumption. Alcohol intake over 2units per day has been shown to negatively affect the body. Alcohol is an addictive drug makes it very difficult to maintain a defined amount of consumption for a long time. It is better, therefore, strive to reduce the consumption of alcohol altogether.
• Avoid smoking. Cigarette smoke have been shown to contain several toxic substances. Cigarette smoking and alcohol have been linked to several diseases. Quit smoking reduce the chances of various diseases other than diabetes.
• The meager eating habits, such as;
• Cut down on fatty foods and rushes
• Eat more fish and poultry (without skin is better).
• Garlic lowers cholesterol in blood pressure, add it to your meal plan from time to time.
• Reduce the number of eggs take 3-4 per week (better boiled than fried).
• Reduce salt intake to less than 5.8grams daily.
• Eat more vegetables and foods rich in fiber, especially fruit.
• Finally, constantly monitor their blood glucose level before breakfast, as this is the only way to know when you are asking for trouble.

Conclusion

Diabetes and hypertension are so interlinked requires a comprehensive plan of care, and it focuses on dietary habits, social and environmental factors. Several lifestyle changes like regular exercise, maintaining a moderate body weight, reducing fat intake and a diet high in fiber help everyone to live a normal and healthy.

These measures are known to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood pressure.

In conclusion, it is very important to create a few individuals more aware of health in the population. A people who almost believes it is better and cheaper to prevent than to treat a disease, when it has become stronger.

Moreover, preventive health care can not be divorced from regular medical checks, as this hand of the two go hand in hand. There is no way to detect several non-communicable diseases without undergoing regular checkups.

The importance of these controls can not be over emphasized.
Being alive to their health. Know your values of glucose in the blood and live a healthier life free from the pain of diabetes.

Source: http://revistawomenshealth.com/diseases/diabetes/diabetes.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=diabetes

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