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Friday, June 8, 2012

Palestinians mull non-member state status at UN

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Kelly Clarkson's New Blonde Hair: Likes or Yikes?

The Duets star shows off her lighter locks! Check out more star tress-formations and tell us what you think!

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Scientists identify first gene in programmed axon degeneration

ScienceDaily (June 7, 2012) ? Degeneration of the axon and synapse, the slender projection through which neurons transmit electrical impulses to neighboring cells, is a hallmark of some of the most crippling neurodegenerative and brain diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease and peripheral neuropathy. Scientists have worked for decades to understand axonal degeneration and its relation to these diseases. Now, researchers at the University of Massachusetts Medical School are the first to describe a gene -- dSarm/Sarm1 -- responsible for actively promoting axon destruction after injury. The research, published June 7 online by Science, provides evidence of an exciting new therapeutic target that could be used to delay or even stop axon decay.

"This discovery has the potential to have a profound impact on our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases, much like the discovery of apoptosis (programmed cell death) fundamentally changed our understanding of cancer," said Marc R. Freeman, PhD, associate professor of neurobiology at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and lead investigator on the study. "Identification of this gene allows us to start asking exciting new questions about the role of axon death in neurodegenerative diseases. For example, is it possible that these pathways are being inappropriately activated to cause premature axon death?"

For more than a century, scientists believed that injured axons severed from the neuron cell body passively wasted away due to a lack of nutrients. However, a mouse mutation identified in the early 1990s -- called slow Wallerian degeneration (Wlds) -- was able to suppress axon degeneration for weeks. This finding forced scientists to reassess Wallerian degeneration, the process through which an injured axon degenerates, as a passive process and consider the possibility that an active program of axon auto-destruction, akin to apoptotic death, was at work instead.

If Wallerian degeneration was an active process, hypothesized Dr. Freeman, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Early Career Scientist, then it should be possible through forward genetic screens in Drosophila to identify mutants exhibiting Wlds-like axon protection. Freeman and colleagues screened more than 2,000 Drosophila mutants for ones that exhibited long-term survival of severed axons. Freeman says this was a heroic effort on the part of his colleagues. The screen took place over the next two and a half years, and involved seven students and post-docs in the Freeman lab -- Jeannette M. Osterloh, A. Nicole Fox, PhD, Michelle A. Avery, PhD, Rachel Hackett, Mary A. Logan, PhD, Jennifer M. MacDonald, Jennifer S. Zeigenfuss -- who performed the painstaking and labor-intensive experiments needed on each Drosophila mutant to identify flies that suppressed axonal degeneration after nerve injury.

Through these tests, they identified three mutants (out of the 2,000 screened) where severed axons survived for the lifespan of the fly. Next generation sequencing and chromosome deficiency mapping techniques were then used to isolate the single gene affected in all three -- dSarm. These were loss-of-function alleles, meaning that Drosophila unable to produce the dSarm/Sarm1 molecule exhibited prolonged axon survival for as many as 30 days after injury. Freeman and colleagues went on to show that mice lacking Sarm1, the mammalian homolog of dSarm, also displayed remarkable preservation of injured axons. These findings provided the first direct evidence that Wallerian degeneration was driven by a conserved axonal death program and not a passive response to axon injury.

"For 20 years people have been looking for a gene whose normal function is to promote axon degeneration," said Osterloh, first author on the study. "Identification of the dSarm/Sarm1 gene has enormous therapeutic potential, for example as a knockdown target for patients suffering from diseases involving axonal loss."

The next step for Freeman and colleagues is to identify additional genes in the axon death pathway and investigate whether any have links with specific neurodegenerative diseases. "We're already working with scientists at UMMS to understand the role axon death plays in ALS and Huntington's disease," said Freeman. "We are very excited about the possibility that these findings could have broad therapeutic potential in many neurodegenerative diseases."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Massachusetts Medical School. The original article was written by Jim Fessenden.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Jeannette M. Osterloh, Jing Yang, Timothy M. Rooney, A. Nicole Fox, Robert Adalbert, Eric H. Powell, Amy E. Sheehan, Michelle A. Avery, Rachel Hackett, Mary A. Logan, Jennifer M. MacDonald, Jennifer S. Ziegenfuss, Stefan Milde, Ying-Ju Hou, Carl Nathan, Aihao Ding, Robert H. Brown Jr., Laura Conforti, Michael Coleman, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Stephan Z?chner, and Marc R. Freeman. dSarm/Sarm1 Is Required for Activation of an Injury-Induced Axon Death Pathway. Science, 7 June 2012 DOI: 10.1126/science.1223899

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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With sudden life, Devils now want to scare Kings

New Jersey Devils goalie Martin Brodeur (30) reacts in the third period during Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup finals against the Los Angeles Kings, Wednesday, June 6, 2012, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)

New Jersey Devils Patrik Elias (26), of Czech Republic, shoots the puck past Los Angeles Kings goalie Jonathan Quick (32) for a goal in the third period during Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup finals, Wednesday, June 6, 2012, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)

New Jersey Devils' Zach Parise (9)celebrates with Ilya Kovalchuk, of Russia, after Kovalchuk, scored an open net goal in the third period during Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup finals, Wednesday, June 6, 2012, in Los Angeles. Los Angeles Kings' Simon Gagne skated past in background. The Devils won the game 3-1. (AP Photo/Julie Jacobson)

Los Angeles Kings' goalie Jonathan Quick catches a shot on goal in the first period during Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup finals against the New Jersey Devils, Wednesday, June 6, 2012, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong)

NEWARK, N.J. (AP) ? Winning Game 4 of the Stanley Cup finals did more than keep the New Jersey Devils alive.

It gave them a sniff, a scent, a feeling. Call it momentum if you want.

For one game, Martin Brodeur and the Eastern Conference champions showed they could not only play with the Los Angeles Kings, they could beat them, too.

The 3-1 win in Los Angeles on Wednesday prevented the Kings' coronation ceremony and forced the NHL to pack the Cup and ship it back to New Jersey for Game 5 Saturday night.

Now comes the hard part for coach Peter DeBoer and the Devils. They have to follow it up with another win over a team that has posted a 15-3 mark in the postseason and not lost consecutive games.

If New Jersey can somehow find a way, though, the Cup will be up for grabs.

"We know every time we can win a game and chip away, the end goal gets a little closer," DeBoer said Thursday shortly after the Devils' flight from the West Coast landed. "I know it is a cliche, but I think if we win on Saturday night this series really takes a turn."

Kings forward Dustin Penner didn't agree with DeBoer.

"I think we are in the driver's seat," Penner said after the Kings arrived in New Jersey on Thursday night. "Now it's up to us to drive the car where we want it."

Kings coach Darryl Sutter felt his team played better Wednesday than it did in winning Game 2 in New Jersey.

However, Brodeur stood tall, got help on two shots off the goalpost and rookie Adam Henrique scored a great goal late in the third period to put New Jersey ahead.

"That's why you play the series," Sutter said. "Unfortunately, we have some spoiled people that think that everyone wins 16 in a row or something. A little confusing to me."

The Kings have been in this position before on this road to what could be the franchise's first title since joining the league in 1967.

They won three straight over top-seeded Vancouver in the opening round, lost Game 4 at home and clinched the series on the road, where the team is an NHL-record 10-0 in this postseason.,

After sweeping second-seeded St. Louis in the second round, the eighth-seeded Kings followed the same formula in the Western Conference finals, taking the first three games from third-seeded Phoenix, losing a possible clincher at home and then nailing down their first trip to the Cup finals since 1993 in Game 5.

It would be appropriate if they raised their first Cup on Saturday, but the Devils stand in the way.

And this is a confident group.

"Elimination games, I don't know, the teams you play against are there for a reason," Los Angeles forward Justin Williams said Thursday. 'It's not supposed to be a sweep all the time. You're not supposed to win every game. That's when their character comes out, when their backs are against the wall. They played a great game, battled hard. We just didn't quite have enough."

The Devils have felt the same way each time they lost a game. They lost the first two games in overtime in New Jersey and were satisfied with their effort in Game 3 despite being beaten 4-0.

With a bounce or two, the Devils feel they could be up 3-1.

On the flight back to New Jersey, DeBoer said his team had the same confidence it has shown throughout the playoffs. They were even-keeled and looking forward to Saturday.

When asked if the Devils suddenly had a glimmer of hope, Henrique the team simply won a game it had to win.

"We know within the room we have the personnel to complete this comeback," said Henrique, who scored the series clinching goals in overtime against Florida in Game 7 and the Rangers in Game 6.

"There are a lot of people out there that don't think we can do it, but it really doesn't matter what anybody else thinks, it matters what we think in the room," Henrique said. 'We have to string together four in a row and every game is do or die. Every game is Game 7 for us and we have the confidence in the room we can do it. It will be tough but we are prepared to do it."

In winning Game 4, the Devils showed they finally could get some pucks past Jonathan Quick. They scored two in the first three games and got three in the third period Wednesday, with Ilya Kovalchuk icing the contest with an empty-net goal in the final minute.

The best-of-7 series continues to be close-checking with neither team getting very many shots on goal. The teams combined for 46 in Game 4.

"We know their strengths, we know their weaknesses," Kings center Anze Kopitar said. "I'm sure they're doing the same. It's going to be interesting game, a game of inches."

And if the Devils win, the tension is bound to rise.

"We're still in a hole right now," Devils veteran forward Dainius Zubrus said. "We're taking it one game at a time. We're hoping to win the next."

Associated Press

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Tuesday, June 5, 2012

Toronto stocks stumble on slowdown concerns

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Space Shuttle at Sea: Enterprise Sails for NYC's Intrepid

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US economic outlook darkens after jobs report

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Faced with a fizzling job market, many economists have turned more pessimistic and no longer think U.S. economic growth will accelerate later this year.

Friday's surprisingly bleak jobs report for May followed a spate of weak U.S. economic data last week. Manufacturing activity slowed, an index of home contracts fell and consumer confidence tumbled. Mounting troubles in Europe and elsewhere have heightened economists' concerns.

Julia Coronado, an economist at BNP Paribas in New York, said she now expects growth of 2.2 percent this year, down from her previous forecast of 2.4 percent. She also revised down her estimate of growth in the April-June quarter to a 2.2 percent annual rate, from a 2.5 percent rate.

"We keep hoping that we're going to turn a corner and move into a stronger phase of recovery, and the door keeps getting slammed shut," Coronado said.

After the jobs report Friday, JPMorgan Chase sharply reduced its growth forecast for the July-September quarter to a 2 percent annual rate, down from 3 percent. It cited the weaker U.S. hiring and a likely drop in U.S. exports related to slower growth overseas.

And JPMorgan Chase now forecasts growth of 2.1 percent for 2012, down from 2.3 percent.

Forecasting firm Macroeconomic Advisers and Swiss bank UBS have also marked down their expectations since Friday's jobs report.

As a general rule, it takes about 2.5 percent growth to generate enough hiring to keep up with population growth and prevent the unemployment rate from rising. The reduced forecasts suggest that hiring may not strengthen much this year.

After months of fitful expansion since the recession ended three years ago, many analysts had expected the economy to begin strengthening steadily.

Last month, the National Association for Business Economics said its latest survey of economists found rising expectations for job gains and housing construction. And in April, the Federal Reserve raised its forecast for growth this year to nearly 2.7 percent, from a January estimate of 2.5 percent.

Now, it looks as if the recovery is stumbling again.

The biggest blow was Friday's jobs report. It said employers added only 69,000 jobs in May, the fewest in a year. The government also said far fewer jobs were added in the previous two months than first thought ? 11,000 fewer in March and 38,000 fewer in April. And the unemployment rate rose to 8.2 percent from 8.1 percent, the first increase since last June.

Less hiring means fewer Americans have money to spend. That holds down consumer spending, which drives about 70 percent of the economy and helps fuel job growth. And a rising unemployment rate tends to reduce confidence. That can further shrink spending.

Even at stronger levels of hiring, Americans' incomes had been already growing only weakly. They increased 0.2 percent in April, the government said last week, the slowest pace in five months.

Other reports last week showed that more people sought unemployment benefits, a sign that hiring could remain sluggish. Construction spending rose, but by less than many economists had forecast. And the government said the economy expanded at an anemic 1.9 percent annual rate in the first three months of 2012. That's down from 3 percent in the fourth quarter.

The run of bleak reports extended into Monday. Companies cut their orders to factories for a second straight month, the government said. And a gauge of business investment plans fell.

On top of that, Europe's financial crisis is worsening. Worries are growing that in elections later this month, Greek voters will reject the terms of a bailout and lead the country to drop the euro. That could ignite financial chaos and perhaps force larger economies among the 17 countries that use the euro, such as Spain and Italy, to abandon the currency, too.

The resulting crisis would slow U.S. exports, about 20 percent of which go to Europe. Fear about a collapse of the euro has contributed to a nearly 10 percent drop in the S&P 500 stock index since April 2. Falling stock prices tend to damage consumer confidence and reduce spending.

Key developing countries, such as China, India and Brazil, are also reporting weaker growth. Those countries are big markets for U.S. heavy machinery. U.S. farmers also export corn, soybeans and other grains to China.

"You've got deterioration on all fronts at this point," said Scott Anderson, an economist at Wells Fargo Securities.

Anderson said Wells Fargo will likely reduce its forecasts for U.S. growth.

Still, some trends remain positive for the U.S. economy. Gas prices have been falling, which puts more money in Americans' pockets. With mortgage rates at record lows, more Americans are buying homes. Builders have increased spending on construction. Auto sales are up.

Maury Harris, chief U.S. economist at UBS, said the weak May jobs report shows businesses are nervous about the economic outlook. Yet consumers remain willing to spend. Their spending rose 0.3 percent in April, above the 0.2 percent rise in March. That qualifies as a bright spot in last week's reports. Harris expects consumer spending to keep rising and to reinvigorate business activity by fall.

Jack Kleinhenz, chief economist at the National Retail Federation, the nation's largest retail trade group, says he's sticking with the group's annual retail sales growth forecast of 3.4 percent for now.

"I'm concerned, but I am not ready to put up a red flag on everything," Kleinhenz said.

___

AP Business Writer Anne D'Innocenzio in New York contributed to this report.

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